BME280, the precision sensor from Bosch, is soldered onto PCB. Not only the pressure and the temperature, this sensor can measure humidity. It uses both I2C and SPI (supports 3-, 4-wire SPI) interface.

LM75B temperature sensor (I2C interface)

Omron D6T-44L-06 is a contactless thermal sensor based on the MEMS technology.

The HC-SR04 is range-finding sensor utilizing reflection of ultrasonic to measure the distance to an object.

GP2Y0A21YK is a famous infrared proximity sensor made by Sharp. This product includes a cable for the sensor.